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Iberian Conquest created and destroyed at the same time dream of a united Latin America and culturally homogeneous. Independence revealed that dream utopia. The present times have entered a period of reflection more attentive to the multiple dimensions of ethnic and Latin American cultural societies. The Latin American continent has a rich and fruitful history of faith is not always known in all its breadth and which deserves to be rescued five centuries for a better understanding of the identity of the Latin American peoples. not about to raise visions but triumphant. Latin American history has not been easy. The distance in time from the beginning of the synthesis process that became Latin America and the enormous differences in mentality to the present time, it presents its difficulties to an objective approach.
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includes Cultural Identity and Politics
Economics.
"Who we are, facing the cultural heterogeneity
a globalized world.
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TELAM. Culture. Wednesday March 23, 2011.
Paul E. Chacón.
The anthropologist Alejandro Grimson says in his book that he globalized world the identity of a culture does not exclude differences that inhabit it, but to think that diversity is more complex than settle it under the guise of a fiction or a fee shared imaginary stable or unitary.
"The heterogeneity of Argentina is huge. There are several highland culture of the farmers, but also differences between the social practices of the landholders themselves. "
However, it is undeniable that Argentina has, has its laws, its representation and identity, "says Telam the author of" The Limits of Culture "(Siglo XXI).
Grimson a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Brasilia; studied communication at the University of Buenos Aires and has investigated migration processes, border areas, social movements, political cultures and intercultural relations. is author, among other books, "Stories of difference and equality," "The Nation in its limits," Interculturalism and communication "and" Culture in the Latin American crisis. " He is currently a researcher at the CONICET and dean of the Institute of Social Studies National University of San Martín.
If it is true -As many authors suggest, that nationalism is just folklore, Grimson said that this hypothesis should be explored in light of two events that occurred when the book was written, the disaster in Japan and popular revolutions in North Africa.
"Especially in the introduction I guess an earthquake, a tsunami, a devastating crisis need not be caused by natural reasons but can also be political or economic ... not to mention the latter share some features with the first, "says Grimson.
What is that element or that feature? "That in both situations, violence, natural, political or economic is so strong that the impact destroys or undermines the very foundations of society." But then, "we-especially Argentines much more familiar with the political or economic impacts of natural phenomena, and that makes us forget that in all cases it is cultural crisis," says the anthropologist.
Questions that opens a cultural crisis for Grimson, are enormous, "who we are, how we behave, how to recreate a sense of community from a catastrophe. "
Japan's case is exceptional," with its destructive power and that strikes a chord shared with the advanced industrial capitalism is the use and handling of nuclear energy. "For the author, the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010," could be compared to Argentina's economic crisis during 2001-2002: society turns the establishment of a community identity out of that devastation. "
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" Haiti denounced, and more on its contrast back to Chile, a situation that comes from decades of U.S. intervention. It seems that Haitians are old, and not, "he adds.
And more:" I would say that what happened in Japan is more than Chernobyl because when that happens is that of globalization and contemporary consciousness higher than this time. "
Grimson attempts to discuss" against essentialism and new forms of cultural fundamentalism first Western cultural fundamentalism, as embodied by George W. Bush and one of its ideologues , Samuel Huntington. "
argues against the idea of \u200b\u200b Huntington of dividing the world into cultures or civilizations, the lot of islands, each of which supposedly have certain values. "In this ideological perspective was read the attack on the Twin Towers."
How? "As an attack on culture Western democracy and freedom. For Huntington democracy and freedom would be a western heritage, unlike those other cultures that have no value so advanced, "he explains.
But" Maghreb riots show that these peoples, Arabs and Muslims fighting in the streets, they do so to govern themselves, to gain autonomy. "
Because contrary to what the cliche says, " Western democracies are systems that include torture, authoritarianism, massacres, wars, torture. Not the happy world of Huntington insists. And now we know that the Maghreb is not what he said. "
And he points to the structure:" There is no homogeneous cultures within any culture there are struggles for values , practices, legitimate or not. Egypt showed that very obvious. "
" Egyptian political culture was not (Hosni) Mubarak , which was the visible face or the result of a number of interventions . But today more than ever the result of the intervention of the Egyptian people, "says the author of" Limits. "In all cultures, stresses, there are differences, but there are values \u200b\u200bthat should not be rejected: life, bodily integrity, the prohibition of torture ".
and gives an example of Argentina." When the upper classes are shocked Buenos Aires on October 17 by the legs at the source, was because he blamed them a very different meaning to that which was then adjudged that the Plaza de Mayo ".
"As the early twentieth century, some believed there were races and cultures after the logical corollary is that which strikes Huntington. It is believed that there are many cultures, identities, sociability and beliefs, which are connected in the manner of islands" .
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